Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence > Year 2016 > April 2016 Decisions > G.R. No. 175869, April 18, 2016 - ROBINA FARMS CEBU/UNIVERSAL ROBINA CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. ELIZABETH VILLA, Respondent.:

The employer appeals the decision promulgated on September 27, 2006,¹ whereby the Court of Appeals (CA) dismissed its petition for certiorari and affirmed with modification the adverse decision of the National Labor Relations Commission (NLRC) declaring it liable for the illegal dismissal of respondent employee.

Antecedents

Respondent Elizabeth Villa brought against the petitioner her complaint for illegal suspension, illegal dismissal, nonpayment of overtime pay, and nonpayment of service incentive leave pay in the Regional Arbitration Branch No. VII of the NLRC in Cebu City.

In her verified position paper,² Villa averred that she had been employed by petitioner Robina Farms as sales clerk since August 1981; that in the later part of 2001, the petitioner had enticed her to avail herself of the company's special retirement program; that on March 2, 2002, she had received a memorandum from Lily Ngochua requiring her to explain her failure to issue invoices for unhatched eggs in the months of January to February 2002; that she had explained that the invoices were not delivered on time because the delivery receipts were delayed and overlooked; that despite her explanation, she had been suspended for 10 days from March 8, 2012 until March 19, 2002; that upon reporting back to work, she had been advised to cease working because her application for retirement had already been approved; that she had been subsequently informed that her application had been disapproved, and had then been advised to tender her resignation with a request for financial assistance; that she had manifested her intention to return to work but the petitioner had confiscated her gate pass; and that she had since then been prevented from entering the company premises and had been replaced by another employee.

The petitioner admitted that Villa had been its sales clerk at Robina Farms. It stated that on December 12, 2001, she had applied for retirement under the special privilege program offered to its employees in Bulacan and Antipolo who had served for at least 10 years; that in February 2002, her attention had been called by Anita Gabatan of the accounting department to explain her failure to issue invoices for the unhatched eggs for the month of February; that she had explained that she had been busy; that Gabatan had referred the matter to Florabeth Zanoria who had in turn relayed the matter to Ngochua; and that the latter had then given Villa the chance to explain, which she did.

The petitioner added that after the administrative hearing Villa was found to have violated the company rule on the timely issuance of the invoices that had resulted in delay in the payment of buyers considering that the payment had depended upon the receipt of the invoices; that she had been suspended from her employment as a consequence; that after serving the suspension, she had returned to work and had followed up her application for retirement with Lucina de Guzman, who had then informed her that the management did not approve the benefits equivalent to 86% of her salary rate applied for, but only 1/2 month for every year of service; and that disappointed with the outcome, she had then brought her complaint against the petitioners.³

Ruling of the Labor Arbiter

On April 21, 2003, Labor Arbiter Violeta Ortiz-Bantug rendered her decision⁴ finding that Villa had not been dismissed from employment, holding thusly:
chanRoblesvirtualLawlibrary

Complainant's application, insofar the benefits are concerned, was not approved which means that while her application for retirement was considered, management was willing to give her retirement benefits equivalent only to half-month pay for every year of service and not 86% of her salary for every year of service as mentioned in her application. Mrs. De Guzman suggested that if she wanted to pursue her supposed retirement despite thereof, she should submit a resignation letter and include therein a request for financial assistance. We do not find anything illegal or violative in the suggestion made by Mrs. De Guzman. There was no compulsion since the choice was left entirely to the complainant whether to pursue it or not.⁵ChanRoblesVirtualawlibrary

Although ordering Villa's reinstatement, the Labor Arbiter denied her claim for backwages and overtime pay because she had not adduced evidence of the overtime work actually performed. The Labor Arbiter declared that Villa was entitled to service incentive leave pay for the period of the last three years counted from the filing of her complaint because the petitioner did not refute her claim thereon. Thus, the Labor Arbiter disposed as follows:
chanRoblesvirtualLawlibrary

WHEREFORE, premises considered, judgment is hereby rendered ordering respondents ROBINA FARMS CEBU (a Division of UNIVERSAL ROBINA CORPORATION) and LILY NGOCHUA to REINSTATE complainant to her former position without loss of seniority rights and privileges within ten (10) days from receipt of this decision but without payment of backwages. Respondents are also ordered to pay complainant SEVEN THOUSAND ONE HUNDRED NINETY FOUR PESOS (P7,194.00) as service incentive leave pay benefits.

The other claims are dismissed for lack of merit.

SO ORDERED.⁶ChanRoblesVirtualawlibrary

The parties respectively appealed to the NLRC.

Judgment of the NLRC

On February 23, 2005, the NLRC rendered its judgment dismissing the appeal by the petitioner but granting that of Villa,⁷ to wit:
chanRoblesvirtualLawlibrary

WHEREFORE, premises considered, the appeal of respondents is hereby DISMISSED for non-perfection while the appeal of complainant is hereby GRANTED. The decision of the Labor Arbiter is REVERSED and SET ASIDE and a new one ENTERED declaring complainant to have been illegally dismissed. Consequently, respondents are hereby directed to immediately reinstate complainant to her former position without loss of seniority rights and other privileges within ten (10) days from receipt of this decision and to pay complainant the following sums, to wit:

1. Backwages

P 119,900.00

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No. 210308, April 06, 2016 - ASIAN INTERNATIONAL MANPOWER SERVICES, INC., Petitioner, v. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT, Respondent. G.R. No. 206766, April 06, 2016 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. EDUARDO YEPES, Accused-Appellants. G.R. No. 195552, April 18, 2016 - ACS DEVELOPMENT & PROPERTY MANAGERS, INC., Petitioner, v. MONTAIRE REALTY AND DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, Respondent. G.R. No. 216607, April 05, 2016 - ARLENE LLENA EMPAYNADO CHUA, Petitioner, v. COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS, IMELDA E. FRAGATA, AND KRYSTLE MARIE C. BACANI, Respondents. G.R. No. 210621, April 04, 2016 - ALFREDO MANAY, JR., FIDELINO SAN LUIS, ADRIAN SAN LUIS, ANNALEE SAN LUIS, MARK ANDREW JOSE, MELISSA JOSE, CHARLOTTE JOSE, DAN JOHN DE GUZMAN, PAUL MARK BALUYOT, AND CARLOS S. JOSE, Petitioners, v. CEBU AIR,INC, Respondent. G.R. No. 184068, April 19, 2016 - SIMNY G. GUY, AS MINORITY STOCKHOLDER AND FOR AND IN BEHALF OF GOODLAND COMPANY, INC., Petitioner, v. GILBERT G. GUY, ALVIN AGUSTIN T. IGNACIO AND JOHN AND/OR JANE DOES, Respondents. G.R. No. 214349, April 20, 2016 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. LEO MENDOZA, Accused-Appellants. G.R. No. 216010, April 20, 2016 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JIMMY ULANDAY @ "SAROY", Accused-Appellants. G.R. No. 216776, April 19, 2016 - PHILIPPINE CHARITY SWEEPSTAKES OFFICE (PCSO), Petitioner, v. CHAIRPERSON MA. GRACIA M. PULIDO-TAN, COMMISSIONER HEIDI L. MENDOZA, COMMISSIONER ROWENA V. GUANZON, THE COMMISSIONERS, COMMISSION ON AUDIT (COA), Respondents. G.R. No. 215534, April 18, 2016 - COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Petitioner, v. LIQUIGAZ PHILIPPINES CORPORATION, Respondent.; G.R. NO. 215557 - LIQUIGAZ PHILIPPINES CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent. G.R. No. 197136, April 18, 2016 - ROMEO PUCYUTAN, FOR AND IN BEHALF OF THE CITY OF MUNTINLUPA, METRO MANILA AS ITS CITY TREASURER, Petitioner, v. MANILA ELECTRIC COMPANY, INC., Respondent. G.R. No. 203949, April 06, 2016 - SPOUSES GEORGE A. GALLENT, SR. AND MERCEDES M. GALLENT, Petitioners, v. JUAN G. VELASQUEZ, Respondent.; G.R. No. 205071 - JUAN G. VELASQUEZ, Petitioner, v. SPOUSES GEORGE A. GALLENT, SR. AND MERCEDES M. GALLENT, Respondents. G.R. No. 217508, April 18, 2016 - JOSEPH SCOTT PEMBERTON, Petitioner, v. HON. LEILA M. DE LIMA, IN HER CAPACITY AS THE SECRETARY OF JUSTICE, JUDGE ROLINE GINEZ- JABALDE, IN HER CAPACITY AS PRESIDING JUDGE OF BRANCH 74 OF THE REGIONAL TRIAL COURT OF OLONGAPO CITY, AND MARILOU LAUDE Y SERDONCILLO, Respondents. G.R. Nos. 221849-50, April 04, 2016 - DATU GUIMID P. MATALAM, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent. G.R. No. 204325, April 18, 2016 - LYNMAN BACOLOR, JEFFREY R. GALURA, HELEN B. TORRES, FRITZIE C. VELLEGAS, RAYMOND CANLAS AND ZHEILA C. TORRES, Petitioners, v. VL MAKABALI MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, INC., ALEJANDRO S. MAKABALI, MELCHOR CATAMBING AND DAX M. TIDULA, Respondents. G.R. No. 175869, April 18, 2016 - ROBINA FARMS CEBU/UNIVERSAL ROBINA CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. ELIZABETH VILLA, Respondent. G.R. No. 212382, April 06, 2016 - SCANMAR MARITIME SERVICES, INCORPORATED, CROWN SHIPMANAGEMENT INC., LOUIS DREYFUS ARMATEURS AND M/T ILE DE BREHAT AND/OR MR. EDGARDO CANOZA, Petitioners, v. EMILIO CONAG, Respondent. G.R. No. 211098, April 20, 2016 - THE WELLEX GROUP, INC., Petitioner, v. SHERIFF EDGARDO A. URIETA OF THE SANDIGANBAYAN SECURITY AND SHERIFF SERVICES, THE SANDIGANBAYAN SECURITY AND SHERIFF SERVICES, AND BDO UNIBANK, INC. (FORMERLY EQUITABLE PCI BANK, INC.), Respondents. G.R. No. 199464, April 18, 2016 - ROGELIO ROSARIO, RUDY ROSARIO, MARY ANN GUTIERREZ, SYLVIA CASTILLO, LOURDES JOSE, LORENA ESTEPA, VIRGINIA ESTEPA AND REMEDIOS SABADO, Petitioners, v. RIZALITO F. ALBA, Respondent. G.R. No. 206459, April 06, 2016 - SPOUSES FLORANTE E. JONSAY AND LUZVIMINDA L. JONSAY AND MOMARCO IMPORT CO., INC., Petitioners, v. SOLIDBANK CORPORATION (NOW METROPOLITAN BANK AND TRUST COMPANY), Respondent. G.R. No. 167838, April 20, 2016 - JOSE V. TOLEDO, GLENN PADIERNOS AND DANILO PADIERNOS, Petitioners, v. COURT OF APPEALS, LOURDES RAMOS, ENRIQUE RAMOS, ANTONIO RAMOS, MILAGROS RAMOS AND ANGELITA RAMOS AS HEIRS OF SOCORRO RAMOS, GUILLERMO PABLO, PRIMITIVA CRUZ AND A.R.C. MARKETING CORPORATION, REPRESENTED BY ITS PRESIDENT, ALBERTO C. DY, Respondent. G.R. No. 189577, April 20, 2016 - PHILIPPINE NATIONAL BANK, Petitioner, v. SPS. VICTORIANO & JOVITA FARICIA RIVERA, Respondents. G.R. No. 209011, April 20, 2016 - MALAYAN INSURANCE COMPANY, INC., Petitioner, v. DIANA P. ALIBUDBUD, Respondent. G.R. No. 167679, April 20, 2016 - ING BANK N.V., ENGAGED IN BANKING OPERATIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES AS ING BANK N.V. MANILA BRANCH, Petitioner, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent. G.R. No. 207662, April 13, 2016 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff and Appellee, v. FABIAN URZAIS Y LANURIAS, ALEX BAUTISTA, AND RICKY BAUTISTA, Accused.; FABIAN URZAIS Y LANURIAS, Accused-Appellant. G.R. No. 174333, April 20, 2016 - PILIPINAS SHELL FOUNDATION, INC. AND SHELL PHILIPPINES EXPLORATION B.V., Petitioners, v. TOMAS M. FREDELUCES, MARCOS B. CORPUZ, JR., REYNALDO M. SAMONTE, NORMA M. SAMONTE, AMBROCIO VILLANUEVA, SALVACION A. BON, RAMIRO A. BON, LUZVIMINDA B. ANDILLO, LUDIVICO F. BON, ELMO AREGLO, ROSE A. SAN PEDRO, DANTE U. SANTOS, SR., MIGUEL SANTOS, EFREN U. SANTOS, RIC U. SANTOS, SIMON MARCE, JR., JOEL F. SALINEL, BEBIANA SAN PEDRO, AND MARINA SANTOS, Respondents. G.R. No. 175736 & 175898, April 12, 2016 - JOSE RIZAL L. REMO, REYNALDO G. PANALIGAN, TITA L. MATULIN, ISAGANI CASALME, CIPRIANO P. ROXAS, CESARIO S. GUTIERREZ, CELSO A. LANDICHO, AND EDUARDO L. TAGLE, Petitioners, v. ADMINISTRATOR EDITA S. BUENO, NATIONAL ELECTRIFICATION ADMINISTRATION (NEA) BOARD OF ADMINISTRATORS AND MEMBER-CONSUMERS OF BATELEC II, Respondents.; G.R. NO. 175898 - JOSE RIZAL L. REMO, REYNALDO G. PANALIGAN, TITA L. MATULIN, ISAGANI CASALME, CIPRIANO P. ROXAS, CESARIO S. GUTIERREZ, CELSO A. LANDICHO, AND EDUARDO L. TAGLE, Petitioners, v. ADMINISTRATOR EDITA S. BUENO, SEC. RAPHAEL LOTILLA, WILFREDO BILLENA, JOSE VICTOR LOBRIGO, EVANGELITO ESTACA AND MARILYN CAGUIMBAL, Respondents. G.R. No. 188145, April 18, 2016 - SPOUSES PRIMO INALVEZ AND JULIANA INALVEZ, Petitioners, v. BAYANG NOOL, ALLAN NOOL AND CELESTINO NOOL, Respondents. G.R. No. 172593, April 20, 2016 - NAPOLEON S. RONQUILLO, JR., EDNA G. RA G.R. No. 192488, April 19, 2016 - BLUE EAGLE MANAGEMENT, INC., MA. AMELIA S. BONOAN, AND CARMELITA S. DELA RAMA, Petitioners, v. JOCELYN L. NAVAL, Respondent. G.R. No. 194119, April 13, 2016 - SONIA F. MARIANO, Petitioner, v. MARTINEZ MEMORIAL COLLEGES, INC., AND/OR FERDINAND A. MARTINEZ/ DR. ELIZABETH M. DEL RIO, Respondents. G.R. No. 215548, April 05, 2016 - UNDERSECRETARY AUSTERE A. PANADERO AND REGIONAL DIRECTOR RENE K. BURDEOS, BOTH OF THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT (DILG), Petitioners, v. COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS, Respondent.; G.R. NO. 215726 - UNDERSECRETARY AUSTERE A. PANADERO AND REGIONAL DIRECTOR RENE K. BURDEOS, BOTH OF THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT (DILG), Petitioners, v. COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS AND MOHAMMAD EXCHAN GABRIEL LIMBONA, Respondents.; G.R. NO. 216158 - MANGONDAYA ASUM TAGO, Petitioner, v. COMELEC AND MOHAMMAD EXCHAN GABRIEL LIMBONA, Respondents. G.R. No. 208066, April 12, 2016 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JOHN GLEN WILE, EFREN BUENAFE, JR., MARK ROBERT LARIOSA AND JAYPEE PINEDA, Accused-Appellants. A.M. No. RTJ-16-2455 (Formerly OCA I.P.I. No.10-3443-RTJ), April 11, 2016 - NEMIA CASTRO, Complainant, v. JUDGE CESAR A. MANGROBANG, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 22, IMUS, CAVITE, Respondent. A.C. No. 7447, April 18, 2016 - RENE B. HERMANO, Complainant, v. ATTY. IGMEDIO S. PRADO JR., Respondent. G.R. No. 210273, April 19, 2016 - BIBIANO C. RIVERA AND LUIS K. LOKIN, JR., Petitioners, v. COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS (COMELEC), THE SECRETARY-GENERAL OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SHERWIN N. TUGNA AND CINCHONA C. CRUZ-GONZALES, Respondents.; G.R. NO. 213069 - CITIZENS' BATTLE AGAINST CORRUPTION (CIBAC) FOUNDATION AS REPRESENTED BY JESUS EMMANUEL L. VARGAS, Petitioner, v. CIBAC NATIONAL COUNCIL AS REPRESENTED BY EMMANUEL JOEL VILLANUEVA, AND THE COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS (COMELEC), Respondents. A.C. No. 11139, April 19, 2016 - PHILCOMSAT* HOLDINGS CORPORATION, DULY REPRESENTED BY ERLINDA I. BILDNER, Complainant, v. ATTY. LUIS K. LOKIN, JR. AND ATTY. SIKINI C. LABASTILLA, Respondents. G.R. No. 194402, April 05, 2016 - NEPTALI S. FRANCO, MELINDA L. OCAMPO, ARTEMIO P. MAGABO, REPRESENTED HEREIN BY SOLEDAD MAGABO, BERNARDA C. LAVISORES, NICOMEDES B. DEYNATA, ALBERTO D. DOSAYLA, REPRESENTED HEREIN BY AILENE JOY BILLONES DOSAYLA AND MARIETTA U. LARRACAS, Petitioners, v. ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION, THE HON. ZENAIDA G. CRUZ-DUCUT, IN HER CAPACITY AS CHAIRMAN OF THE ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF BUDGET AND MANAGEMENT, THE SECRETARY FLORENCIO B. ABAD AND RICALINDA N. ADRIATICO, THE DIRECTOR OF THE BUDGET AND MANAGEMENT BUREAU-A, Respondents. G.R. No. 213299, April 19, 2016 - PNCC SKYWAY CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. THE SECRETARY OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT AND PNCC SKYWAY CORPORATION EMPLOYEES UNION, Respondents. G.R. No. 191699, April 19, 2016 - WILLIAM GO QUE CONSTRUCTION AND/OR WILLIAM GO QUE, Petitioner, v. COURT OF APPEALS AND DANNY SINGSON, RODOLFO PASAQUI,1 LENDO LOMINIQUI,2 AND JUN ANDALES, Respondents. G.R. No. 210540, April 19, 2016 - REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, Petitioner, v. HOMER AND MA. SUSANA DAGONDON, Respondents. G.R. No. 203370, April 11, 2016 - MALAYAN INSURANCE COMPANY, INC. AND HELEN Y. DEE, Petitioners, v. PHILIP PICCIO, MIA GATMAYTAN, MA. ANNABELLA RELOVA SANTOS, JOHN JOSEPH GUTIERREZ, JOCELYN UPANO, JOSE DIZON, ROLANDO PAREJA, WONINA M. BONIFACIO, ELVIRA CRUZ, CORNELIO ZAFRA, VICENTE ORTUOSTE, VICTOMA GOMEZ JACINTO, JUVENCIO PERECHE, JR., RICARDO LORAYES, PETER C. SUCHIANCO, AND TRENNIE MONSOD, Respondents.; G.R. NO. 215106 - MALAYAN INSURANCE COMPANY, INC., Petitioner, v. PHILIP PICCIO, MIA GATMAYTAN, MA. ANNABELLA RELOVA SANTOS, JOHN JOSEPH GUTIERREZ, JOCELYN UPANO, JOSE DIZON, ROLANDO PAREJA, WONINA M. BONIFACIO, ELVIRA CRUZ, CORNELIO ZAFRA, VICENTE ORTUOSTE, VICTORIA GOMEZ JACINTO, JUVENCIO PERECHE, JR., RICARDO LORAYES, PETER C. SUCHIANCO, AND TRENNIE MONSOD, Respondents. G.R. No. 202618, April 12, 2016 - CONSULAR AREA RESIDENTS ASSOCIATION, INC., REPRESENTED BY ITS PRESIDENT BENJAMIN V. ZABAT, ROMEO JUGADO, JR., AND NANCY QUINO, Petitioner, v. ARNEL PACIANO D. CASANOVA, ENGR. TOMAS Y. MACROHON, LOCAL HOUSING BOARD OF TAGUIG CITY, AND THE CITY GOVERNMENT OF TAGUIG, Respondents. G.R. No. 214934, April 12, 2016 - PACIFIC REHOUSE CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. JOVEN L. NGO, AS REPRESENTED BY OSCAR J. GARCIA, Respondent. A.C. No. 9018, April 20, 2016 - TERESITA P. FAJARDO, Complainant, v. ATTY. NICANOR C. ALVAREZ, Respondent. A.M. No. 12-8-59-MCTC, April 12, 2016 - RE: FINDINGS ON THE JUDICIAL AUDIT CONDUCTED AT THE 7TH MUNICIPAL CIRCUIT TRIAL COURT, LILOAN-COMPOSTELA, LILOAN, CEBU. G.R. No. 208360, April 06, 2016 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Appellee, v. FELIPE BUGHO Y ROMPAL, A.K.A. "JUN THE MAGICIAN", Appellant. G.R. No. 208446, April 06, 2016 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JONEL VARGAS Y RAMOS, JERIENALD VILLAMERO Y ESMAN, ARMANDO CADANO @ MANDO, JOJO ENORME @ JOJO, RUTHER GARCIA @ BENJIE/LOLOY, AND ALIAS TABOY, ACCUSED, JONEL VARGAS Y RAMOS, JERIENALD VILLAMERO Y ESMAN, Accused-Appellants.