Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence


Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence > Year 1909 > March 1909 Decisions > [G. R. No. 4911. March 31, 1909.] THE UNITED STATES, Plaintiff-Appellee, vs. AGUSTIN CONCEPCION, ET AL. ., Defendants-Appellants. :




EN BANC

[G. R. No.  4911.  March 31, 1909.]

THE UNITED STATES, Plaintiff-Appellee, vs. AGUSTIN CONCEPCION, ET AL. ., Defendants-Appellants.

 

D E C I S I O N

WILLARD, J.:

The accused herein were inspectors of the election board of the first precinct of the municipality of Calibo, Province of Capiz, P. I., in the election for Delegates held on the 30th day of July, 1907.

The said inspectors were accused, in case No. 618 of the Court of First Instance of Capiz, of violation of the Election Law, in which cause they were convicted, and they appealed to this court from the judgment of conviction, the latter having been affirmed on February 20, 1909. In said case, No. 4817 of this court, 1 the accused were charged with having refused to inscribe the name of one Esteban Leocario, without just cause.

It was a point in controversy in said case whether or not Esteban Leocario appeared before the inspectors’ board composed of the accused, in order to have his name registered in the electoral list. The Defendants in the said appealed case, who are the same as those in the present case, testified in their own behalf, and swore that Esteban Leocario did not appear before them, on the day alleged, to have his name registered as an elector. This negative allegation was considered by the prosecution as false and the present proceedings were instituted against the Defendants for perjury.

Therefore, the fact in controversy in both cases is only one, namely, the appearance or nonappearance of Esteban Leocario before the election inspectors.

In affirming the judgment in case No. 4817, we necessarily held that the testimony given by these Defendants was beyond a reasonable doubt untrue. Substantially the same witnesses were produced in this case as in that case, and it necessarily follows that in our opinion the evidence in this case shows, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the Defendants did not testify to the truth when they stated that Esteban Leocario did not appear before them. There can be no question that, when they so stated, they stated something that they knew to be untrue. They are accordingly guilty of the crime of perjury.

The important question in the case, however, is whether this offense is to be punished by the provisions of the Penal Code, articles 318 and following, or whether these articles have been impliedly repealed by section 3 of Act No. 1697. If the case falls within the provisions of the Penal Code and those provisions are still in force, the judgment must be reversed, because this case for perjury was tried and decided in the court below before the termination of the case in which the false testimony was given. (U. S. vs. Opinion, 6 Phil. Rep., 662; U. S. vs. Adolfo, 2 7 Off. Gaz., 41.)  cralaw

Section 3 of Act No. 1697 is as follows: chanrobles virtualawlibrary

“Any person who, having taken an oath before a competent tribunal, officer, or person, in any case in which a law of the Philippine Islands authorizes an oath to be administered, that he will testify, declare, depose, or certify truly, or that any written testimony, declaration, deposition, or certificate by him subscribed is true, willfully and contrary to such oath states or subscribes any material matter which he does not believe to be true, is guilty of perjury, and shall be punished by a fine of not more than two thousand pesos and by imprisonment for not more than five years; and shall, moreover, thereafter be incapable of holding any public office or of giving testimony in any court of the Philippine Islands until such time as the judgment against him is reversed. ”

This section in terms covers this case and any other case of perjury committed in court, if it stood by itself, there could be no question but that it would be inconsistent with the provisions of the Penal Code and would impliedly repeal them.

The claim of the Appellant is, however, that the section must be limited in its operation by reason of the other provisions of the Act in which it is found and by the title of that Act.

That title is as follows: chanrobles virtualawlibrary

“An Act authorizing the appointment of commissioners to make official investigations and fixing their powers, for the payment of witness fees, and for the punishment of perjury in official investigations. ”

Section 1 of the Act is as follows: chanrobles virtualawlibrary

“Whenever, in the discretion of the Governor-General, it is necessary for the good of the public service to investigate any action or conduct of any person or persons in the Insular, provincial, or municipal service, he may by order designate a suitable person to make such investigation and to take the testimony of any person or persons which, in his judgment, may be relevant thereto, and may detail or authorize the said person designated to procure stenographers and interpreters to assist in the same. Such person so designated shall have such full power to subpoena witnesses and require the production of documentary evidence and to administer oaths to witnesses as is possessed by Courts of First Instance in criminal actions and may invoke the summary process of such courts for the punishment of contempts in failure to appear or to produce evidence or to give testimony. All interpreters acting in any such proceeding shall be first duly sworn well and truly to interpret between the counsel, the witnesses, and the person so designated, and the stenographers shall be sworn to make a true transcript of the testimony given on such proceeding. ”

It is said in the first place by the Appellants that the Act would be void if construed so as to be applicable to perjury committed in ordinary actions in court, and, in support of that claim, section 5 of the Act Congress of July 1, 1902, is cited, wherein it is said: chanrobles virtualawlibrary

“That no private or local bill which may be enacted into law shall embrace more than one subject, and that subject shall be expressed in the title of the bill. ”

It is very apparent that the general subject of perjury is not expressed in the title to this Act, and, if this provision of the law is applicable to the Act in question, the contention of the Appellant must be sustained. But the provision is not applicable, for it relates only to private or local bills. This Act is in no sense either private or local. The official translation of this section into Spanish may throw some doubt on its proper construction, but the English text is plain.

It is further said that section 3, if it is construed as claimed by the Attorney-General, would be void as being in violation of section 1 of Act No. 6 of the Laws of the Commission, which was approved on the 26th of September, 1900, and which prescribed the order of procedure of the Commission in the enactment of laws. That section provides as follows: chanrobles virtualawlibrary

“(b)        All Acts shall, before the enacting clause, be prefaced by a title stating the purpose and scope of the Act. ”

This provision being found only in an Act of the Commission, it was entirely within the power of the Commission to repeal it entirely or to disregard it in any particular case. It, therefore, is important only as a means for determining what the real intention of the Commission was in the enactment of said section 3. Did it intend to limit its operation to false swearing before such a commissioner as is named in section 1, or did it intend to make the prohibition general and extend it to all cases of perjury? We have no doubt that the latter was the real intention. If it had been the intention of the legislative body to limit the section to official investigations, it would have been expressed in entirely different language. The section would have read, in such case, as follows: chanrobles virtualawlibrary

“Any person who, having taken an oath before such commissioner that he will testify truly, and willfully and contrary to such oath states any material matter which he does not believe to be true, is guilty of perjury. ”

If such had been the intention of the Commission, there would have been no provision for cases arising before a competent tribunal. There would have been no provision in regard to depositions or certificates, because the commissioner appointed in accordance with the provisions of section 1 has no power to receive certificates or depositions or affidavits, but only to examine witnesses and receive documentary evidence.

Sections 3 and 4 of Act No. 1697 are copied, with the necessary changes only, from sections 5392 and 5393 of the Revised Statutes of the United States. These sections constitute the general law relating to perjury in the United States, considered as a Government separate from that of the States.

There is another reason which is entitled to weight, and that is that the provisions of the Penal Code relating to perjury covered cases only which arose in court and in some contentious proceeding. (U. S. vs. Gutierrez, 3 7 Off. Gaz., 322.)  cralaw There was no legal provision in force in these Islands prior to the enactment of Act No. 1697 which declared that the making of a false affidavit should constitute the crime of perjury, and it may safely be said that it was the intention of the legislature to supply this deficiency in the law.

Our conclusion is that the articles of the Penal Code relating to perjury have been repealed, and that crime is now defined and punished by section 3 of Act No. 1697. By the provisions of this section it is not necessary that the proceeding in which the perjury was committed should have been terminated before a prosecution for that crime is commenced.

The judgment of the court below is affirmed, with the costs of this instance against the Appellants.

Torres, Johnson and Carson, JJ., concur.

Arellano, C.J., dissents.

 

Endnotes: chanrobles virtualawlibrary

  1.          Not reported.

  2.          12 Phil. Rep., 296.

  3.          12 Phil. rep., 529.




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    013 Phil 70

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    013 Phil 74

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    013 Phil 79

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    013 Phil 88

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    013 Phil 93

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    013 Phil 97

  • G.R. No. 4979 March 5, 1909 - UNITED STATES v. VICTOR ABLANA

    013 Phil 103

  • G.R. No. 3545 March 6, 1909 - REGINO ARISTON v. MANUEL CEA, ET AL.

    013 Phil 109

  • G.R. No. 3805 March 6, 1909 - ALBINO SARMIENTO v. IGNACIO VILLAMOR

    013 Phil 112

  • G.R. No. 4202 March 9, 1909 - MAMERTO GILLESANIA, ET AL. v. NICOLAS MENASALVAS, ET AL.

    013 Phil 116

  • G.R. No. 4714 March 9, 1909 - UNITED STATES v. EUSEBIO BURIAS, ET AL.

    013 Phil 118

  • G.R. No. 5099 March 9, 1909 - ANGEL ORTIZ v. GRANT TRENT

    013 Phil 130

  • G.R. No. 5144 March 9, 1909 - BEHN, MEYER & CO., LTD. v. COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE OF MANILA, ET AL.

    013 Phil 133

  • G.R. No. 4119 March 11, 1909 - EUGENIA PAGALARAN v. VALENTIN BALLATAN, ET AL.

    013 Phil 135

  • G.R. No. 5000 March 11, 1909 - UNITED STATES v. VICTOR SANTO NIÑO

    013 Phil 141

  • G.R. No. 5007 March 11, 1909 - SONG FO & CO. v. TIU CA SONG

    013 Phil 143

  • G.R. No. 5013 March 11, 1909 - JEREMIAH J. HARTY v. MUNICIPALITY OF VICTORIA

    013 Phil 152

  • G.R. No. 5200 March 11, 1909 - VICENTE BANDOY v. JUDGE OF THE COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE

    013 Phil 157

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    013 Phil 159

  • G.R. No. 4555 March 12, 1909 - SEVERO HERNANDO v. SEVERO SAMBRANO

    013 Phil 175

  • G.R. No. 4962 March 12, 1909 - UNITED STATES v. VICENTE AGBAYANI

    013 Phil 178

  • G.R. No. 5030 March 12, 1909 - JUAN M. MANZANO v. JOSE TAN SUNCO

    013 Phil 183

  • G.R. No. 4802 March 13, 1909 - ANDRES PUIG, ET AL. v. ANTONIO MERCADO

    013 Phil 186

  • G.R. No. 4776 March 18, 1909 - MANUEL ORMACHEA TIN-CONGCO v. SANTIAGO TRILLANA

    013 Phil 194

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    013 Phil 202

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    013 Phil 207

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    013 Phil 212

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    013 Phil 217

  • G.R. No. 4861 March 20, 1909 - F. W. PRISING v. MILTON E. SPRINGER

    013 Phil 223

  • G.R. No. 2935 March 23, 1909 - GOVERNMENT OF THE PHIL. v. GEORGE I. FRANK

    013 Phil 236

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    013 Phil 240

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    013 Phil 245

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    013 Phil 249

  • G.R. No. 4610 March 23, 1909 - AGUSTIN GA. GAVIERES v. FLORA BROTO

    013 Phil 266

  • G.R. No. 4891 March 23, 1909 - SOFIA DEVESA v. CRISPIN ARBES

    013 Phil 273

  • G.R. No. 5045 March 23, 1909 - GUILLERMO BOWLER v. PASTRO ALCAZAR

    013 Phil 282

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    013 Phil 287

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    013 Phil 292

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    013 Phil 297

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    013 Phil 301

  • G.R. No. 3876 March 27, 1909 - RUFINA YATCO v. JESUALDO GANA

    013 Phil 305

  • G.R. No. 4053 March 27, 1909 - IN RE: SERAFIN CANO URQUISA

    013 Phil 315

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    013 Phil 319

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    013 Phil 324

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    013 Phil 331

  • G.R. No. 4825 March 27, 1909 - UNITED STATES v. BERNARDO SANCHEZ

    013 Phil 337

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    013 Phil 339

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    013 Phil 342

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    013 Phil 347

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    013 Phil 354

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    013 Phil 359

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    013 Phil 366

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    013 Phil 374

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    013 Phil 379

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    013 Phil 386

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    013 Phil 391

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    013 Phil 398

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    013 Phil 405

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    013 Phil 409

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    013 Phil 415

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    013 Phil 417

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    013 Phil 424